SOUND in detail

 

SOUND in detail

In this article: ·      Introduction. ·      Sound waves. ·      Nature of sound waves. ·      Realated posts.

 

introduction

WE KNOW THAT VIBRATION OF OBJECT IN ANY MEDIUM PRODUCE WAVES. FOR EXAMPLE VIBRATION OF RIPPLE TANK PRODUCES WATER WAVWS. THE MEDIUM IN THIS CASE IS LIQUID BUT IT CAN ALSO BE AGASE OR A SOLID. NOW WE WILL DICUSS ANOTHER TYPE OF WAVE THATE WE CAN HERE.

 SOUND WAVES

LIKE OTHER WAVES, SOUND IS ALSO PRODUCED B Y VIBRATION BODIES. DUE TO VIBRATION OF BODIES THE AIR AROUND ALSO VIBRATES and the air vibrations produce sensation of sound in our ear. For example, in guitat, sound is produced due to the vibrations of its strings. Our voice results from the vibrations of our vocal cords.human heart beats and vibrations of other organs like lungs also produce also produce sound waves. Doctors use stethoscope to hear this sonds.

Sound is produced by vibration

The device called tunong fork to produce a particular sound. If we strike the tuning fork against rubber hummer, the tuning fork will begin to vibrates. We can hear the sound produced by tuning fork by bringing it near to our ear. We can also feel the vibrations by slightly touching one of the prongs of the vibrating tuning fork with a plastic ball suspended from a thread.touch the ball gently with the prong of a vibrating tuning fork, the tuning fork will push the ball becouse of its vibrations. Now if we dip the vibrating tuning fork into a glass of water, we will see a splash. From this activity, we can conclude that the sound is produced by the vibrating body or material.

Sound required material medium for its propagation.

Unlike light waves which are electromagnetic in nature and can be also pass through vacuum, sound waves required medium for their propagation. This can be proved by bell jar apparatus. The bell jar is placed on the platform of a vacuum pump.

An electric bell is suspended in the bell jar with the help of two wires connected to a power supply. By switchind on the power supply, electric bell will begin to ring. We can hear the sound of the bell. Now start pumping out air from the jar by mean of vacuum pump.the sound of the jar become more and more feeble and eventually dies out, although bell is still ringing. When we put the air back into the jar, we can hear the sound of the bell again. From this activity, we conclude that waves can only travel in the presence of air or another medium.

Longitudinal nature of sound waves

Propagation of sound waves produced by a vibrating tuning fork can be understood as shown below.

Before the vibration of tuning fork, density of air molecuoles on the right side is uniform. When the right sprong of tuning fork moves from mean to position to extreme, it exerts some pressure on the adjacent layer of air molecuoles and produce a compression.

This compressed air layer in turn compresses the layer next to it and so on. A moment later, the prong begins to moves from one side to another or mean to extreme. Now the pressure in the adjacent layer decreases and a rarefaction is produced. This rarefraction is transferred to the air layer next to it and so on. As the tuning fork moves back and forth repidly, a series of compression and rarefactions are created in the air. In this way, sound wave propagates through the air.this experiment totally describe the nature of sound waves completely.

·       Loudness is a caracteristics of sound by which loud and faint sound can be distinguished.

 

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