CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
WHAT IS CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM?
A complete
reaction is one in which all the reactants have been completely converted into
products. However, many important chemical reactions does not go to completion
and a mixture of the products and reactant are formed/ produced.in such a
reaction product reacts to reform the reactants at the same time reactants are
forming products.
the state
of chemical reaction in which the rate of forword and reverse reaction takes
place at the same rate.equilibrium reaction are mainly involved in the chemical
production of many chemicals such as an ammonia, sulphuric acid etc.
·
IRREVERSIBLE REACTION:the reaction that procced in a single direction is called irreversible
reaction.in irreversible reaction a chemically process accurs that coud not
allow the products to rerform the reactants.
·
REVERSIBLE REACTION:the reaction that procced in both direction is called reversible
reaction. although reversible reaction do not go to completion, hence such
reactions are not ecnomical for the large scale production of chemicals.
However, progress of the science has enable us to deal with such reactions and
obtain mixmeum amount of products from reversible reaction.
an
important principle called le chatellier,s principle is very useful about
chemical equillibrium systems, it says that if you impose a change in
concentration,temprature or pressure on a chemical system at equillibrium, the
system responds in a way that opposes the change.
·
The reversible reaction have further two types
as follow. FORWORD REACTION: the reaction that is proceed from left to right
direction is called forward reaction.
REVERSE REACTION:THE Reaction that proceed from right to left direction
is called forward reaction.
·
CONDITIONS
FOR EQUILIBRIUM REACTION.
Equilibrium is reached weather pure reactants, pure product or a mixture
of reactants and products initially placed in a closed container. In any of
these cases, a condition will eventually be reached in the container such that
forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the same rate.
this leads to a situation where the concentration of reactants and
product remain the same indefinitely, as long as the following conditions are
observed.
è Concentration of none of product or reactant is
changed.
è Temperature of system kept constant.
è Pressure and volume of the system should kept
constant/ same.
,
WAYS TO
RECOGNIZE EQUILIBRIUM REACTION
Equilibrium
state of a chemical reaction can be determined by determining the concentration
of the reactant and products at regular intervals.when constant concentration
of reactant and product are observed, the reaction is in equilibrium state.this
can be done by both physical and chemical methods such as titration, spectres
copy etc.
EQUILIBRIUM
CONSTANT AND ITS UNITS.
Equilibrium
constant may or may not have units. In the equilibrium expression each figure
within a square brackets represents the concentration in MOL dm-3.
The unit of equilibrium constant there fore the form of equilibrium
expression.
IMPORTANCE
OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT.
Equilibrium
constant for a reaction ca to be used to predict many important features of a
chemical reaction.it can be used to get or predict.
è Determine the equillibrium concentration of
equillibrium mixture knowing the inetial concentration of reactant.
è Predict the direction of chemical reaction or
equillibrium mixture.
è Predict the extent of chemical reaction or chemical
mixture.
è Predict the effect of changes in conditions of
chemical reaction on the equillibrium state.
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