SOFT AND HARD WATER IN DETAIL

 

SOFT AND HARD WATER IN DETAIL

 

In this article ·      Introduction. ·      Types of hard water. ·      Methods to remove the temporary hardness. ·      Methods to remove permanent hardness of water.

 

Introduction

Soft water: water that gives lather with soap and does not form scum is called soft water.

Hard water: water that gives little leather with water and produce scum is called hard water.

TYPES OF HARDNESS OF WATER

Hardness of water can be divided into two types, temporary and permanent.

Permanent hardness of water is so called because it cannot be removed by boiling.

Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved sulphates and chlorides, whereas permanent hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved sulphates and chlorides of calcium or magnesium.

Hard water hampers cleansing action of soap. Hard water keeps soap from getting laundry and dishes rally clean, causing to spend more on extra soap and clean zing product.

METHOD OF REMOVING OF WATER.

1: methods of removing temporary hardness of water.

I.)By boiling

Hardness of water can be removed by simple boiling. During boiling the soluble calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates are decomposed forming insoluble carbonates. Since Ca⁺² and megnesium⁺² ions are removed as insoluble carbonates, water become soft.unfortunatly, the method is too expensive to remove temporary hardness of water on the large scale.

ii) By adding slaked lime (Clarks method)

Temporary hardness of water on the large scale can be removed by adding an estimated amount of slaked lime in it. This slaked lime reacts with the hydrogen carbonate to form insoluble carbonates.

 

2:    METHODS TO REMOVE PERMENANT HARDNESS OF WATER.

I) by adding washing soda

On the large scale permanent hardness of water can be removed by adding washing soda.Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² ions are removed as their insoluble carbonates.

ii) By ion exchange resins

The hard water is passed through a container filled with a suitable resin containing sodium ions; zeolite is one of the natural ion exchange. Chemically it is sodium aluminum silicate. It is usually written by /as Na₂z.the calcium and magnesium ions in water are exchanged with sodium plus ions in the resin.

WATER POLLUTION

Water is very good at dissolving substances. This is due to the polarity of the water molecules and the ability of its molecules to form a hydrogen bond. As water from rain and snow flows over the rocks and through the soil, it dissolves the mineral in the water. The fresh water we drink or use for our daily life process id dilutes solution containing a number of minerals. Many human activities also result in sufficient concentration; water becomes unfit for human use. Several forms of pollutants affect water bodies. The human activities such as house hold wastes, agriculture wastes, livestock wastes, pesticides, oil leaks, detergents, septic tanks, petroleum; natural gas production may result in contamination of water bodies. Like house waste and industrial waste will be the result of water pollution in this era.

In cities the waste products are directly to the nearest sea by pipe line that may become cause of water pollution and become the cause of marine life death or destruction.

The polluted water from industries are linked out with the nearest sea that because the water pollution in the modern cities.

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