SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
|
in
this article ·
Introduction. ·
Simple harmonic motion (SHM). ·
Important features of SHM. ·
Damped oscillation. ·
Related posts. |
INTRODUCTION
A BODY IS said to be vibrating if it moves back
and forth too and fro about a point. Another term for vibration is oscillation.
A special kind of vibratory motion is called the simple harmonic motion (SHM). Which
is the main characteristics of simple harmonic motion and systems executing SHM?
We will also introduce different types of waves and will demonstrate their
properties with the help of different diagrams.
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
In the following sections we will learn about
simple harmonic motion of different systems. The motion of a mass attached to the
spring on the horizontal friction less surface, the motion of a ball placed in
a bowl and the motion of a bob attached to a string are example of simple
harmonic motion.
A restoring force always pushes or pulls the
object performing oscillatory motion towards the mean position. In other words
when an object moves or oscillates about a fixed position (mean position) such
that its acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from the
mean position and is always directed towards the mean position, its motion is
called simple harmonic motion.
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION:
1) A body executing simple harmonic motion always vibrates about a fixed position.
2) Its
acceleration is always directed towards the mean position.
3) The
magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to its displacement
from the mean position. I.e. acceleration will be zero at the mean position
while it will be maximum at the extreme positions.
4) Its
velocity is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions.
Now we can discuss different terms which characterize simple
harmonic motion.
·
Vibration: one complete round trip of a vibrating body
about its mean position is called one vibration.
·
Time period: the time taken by the vibrating body to
complete one vibration is called time period.
·
Frequency: the number of vibrations or cycles of a
vibrating body in one second is called its frequency.
·
Amplitude: the maximum displacement of a vibrating
body on either side from its mean position is known as its amplitude.
Damped oscillation
Vibratory motion of ideal system in the absence of any friction or
resistance continues indefinably under the action of a restoring force.
Practically, in all system, the force of friction retards the motion, so the systems do not oscillate indefinitely. The friction reduces the
mechanical energy of the system as time passes, and the motion is said to be damped.
This damping progressively reduces the amplitude of the vibration of motion.
Shock absorbers in automobiles are one practical application of damped
motion. A shock absorber consists of a piston moving through the liquid such as
oil. The upper part of the shock absorber is firmly attached to the body of the
car. When a car travel through a bump on the road, the car may vibrate
violently. The shock absorbers damp these vibrations and convert their energy
into heat energy of the oil, thus the oscillations of a system in the presence
of some resistive force are damped oscillation.
Thanks guys for your visit here.
|
Post may you
like ·
The structure of brain detail. ·
Human nervous system in step by
step. |
No comments:
Post a Comment