Structure of brain in detail

 

Brain (its structure

In animals and human being , all life activities are under control of brain. the structure of brain is suitable to perform this function .brain is situated inside a bony cranium (part of skull).inside cranium, brain is covered by three layers called meninges.meninges protect brain and also provide nutrients and oxygen to brain tissue through their capillaries.

 

The brain contains fluid – filled ventricles that are continues with the central canal of spinal cord.fluid within ventricles and central canal is called cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).

 

THE DIVISION OF BRAIN

There are three major parts of brain.it is most highly developed in humans.following are important parts of brain that are described below.

Ø Forebrain

Fore brain is the largest part/ area of brain.it is most highly developed in humans.following are important parts of fore brain.

 

§  Thalamus lies just below the cerebrum.it serves as a relay centre between various parts of brain and spinal cord.it also receives and modifies sensory impusles (expect from nose) before they trevel to cerebrum.thalamus is also involves in pain perception band and consciousness (sleep and awakening.

 

§  Hypothalamus lies above midbrain and just below the thalamus. In humans ,it is roughly the size of an almond.one of the most important function of hypothalamus is to link nervous system and endocrine system.

 

It controls the secretion of pitutary gland.it also control feeling such as rage,pain ,pleasure and sorrow.it is the structure that deeps in the cerebrum.it functions for the formation of new momeries.peoples with demage of it can not remember the things that occurred after  the demage but remember the things that happened before the demage of hapothalamus.

 

 

§  Cerebrum is the largest part of forebrain. It controls skeletal muscles, thinking,intelligence and emotions.it is divided into two cerebral hemispjeres.the anterior part of cerebrel hemisphere are called olfactory bulbs which receive impulses from nerves and create the sensation of smell.

lobe	function
frontal	Controls motor functions, permits conscious control of skeletal muscles.
parietal	Contains sensory areas that receive impulses from skin.
occipital	Receive and analyzed visual information.
temporal	Concerned with hearing and smell.

the upper layer of cerebral hemisphere I.e cerebral cortex consists of  grey matter.the grey matter of nervous system consist of cell bodies and non-myelinated axons.beneath this layer is present the white matter .the white matter of nervous system consist of myelinated axons.cerebral cortex has a large surface area and is folded in order to fit in skull. It is divided into four lobes.

 

Ø Midbrain

Midbrain is lies between hind brain and fore brain and connects the two.it receives sensory information and sends it to the apporoprative part of fore brain.mid brain also control some auditory reflexes and posture.

 

Hindbrain

It consist of two of major parts

1)medulla oblongata lies on the top of spinal cord.it controls breathing,heart rate and blood pressure.it also controls many reflexes such as vomiting,coughing,sneezing etc.information that pass through medulla.

 

2)cerebellum is behind medulla. It coordinate muscles movements.

 

3)pons is present on top of medulla.it assists medulla in controlling breathing.it also serves as a connection between cerebellum and spinal cord.the medulla oblongata,pons and midbrain connect the rest of brain to soinal cord.they are collectivelly reffered to as brain stem(supporters  of brain).

 

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           Published to@ the biotech centre